It is estimated that in the general nation 45 long time of age and older, more than 6 percent are diagnosed diabetes with an equal prevalence of undiagnosed cases. Based on 1988 age-specific U.S. population figures, it was estimated that total incident cases of type II diabetes (NIDDM) is 576,136 people per year. Risk factors for NIDDM include the following: history of family diabetes; corpulency; race, American Indian, Hispanic, or black; age 45 years or older; previous IGT; hypertension or hyperlipoidaemia; women with a history of GDM or delivery of infants over cabaret pounds (ADA, 1996; Javitt, Aiello, Chiang, Ferris, Canner, & Greenfield, 1994).
Medical expenditures for the treatment of acute glycemic and chronic complications of diabe
(Javitt, Aiello, Chiang, Ferris, Canner, & Greenfield, 1994).
Ray, N. F., Thamer, M., Taylor, T., Fehrenbach, S. N., & Ratner, R. (1996). Hospitalization and expenditures for the treatment of general medical conditions among the U.S. diabetic population in 1991. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 81 (10), 3671-3679.
nutritionary recommendations of the ADA endorse individualization and set their guidelines accordingly. An important centering includes that of lengthening absorption time or spreading the alimentary load; this principle covers effects of altered meal frequency, sticky dietary fibers, low-glycemic index foods, and carbohydrate absorption inhibitors. Reduction of the size and increased frequency of meals results in lower mean cable glucose and insulin levels and reduced 24-h urinary C-peptide losses (Jenkins & Jenkins, 1995).
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