The Birth of Pakistan

He was educated in Karachi and Bombay and studied law at Lincoln's Inn in England. He was admitted to the bar in 1896. He served briefly as a magistrate in Bombay and then practiced law, showing a uncommon gift for advocacy and rhetorical ability. He had his offset printing primary(prenominal) brush with politics in 1906 when he acted as tete-a-tete secretary to the president of the Indian national Congress. He conjugated the Muslim League in 1913 to protest against the Hindu majority, and he became president of the group in 1916. He disagreed profoundly with the bear upon of the Indian national Congress in 1920 as it launched a non-cooperation movement against the British government. He continued in habitual affairs into the 1940s, when he helped assure that partition would take place. He came to be known as Quaid-e-Azam, or "Great Leader," and his vocalize was law in the Muslim League. He would be the first leader of Pakistan when it was created in 1947, and Jinnah completely dominated Pakistan and inspired it beyond his own death in Karachi in 1948. Jinnah's vision of independency came true and infused the impudently country with a strength that would enable it to survive and to build a dedication to independent self-rule. However, this was not to be, in part because the country he created had internal rifts which take to the India-Pakistan War in 1971 and to further division:

Pakistan from the moment of its kin faced crisis after lifethreatening crisis, breaking in 1971 into two countries, East Pa

Pakistan under(a)took a nationwide experiment in democracy just to begin with the beginning of the 1971 war, and this experiment was not respected within the area. west Pakistani officials were afraid of Bengali dominance in the governmental affairs of the nation, so the Pakistan People's Party leader from the West, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, supported by senior army officers (most Punjabi), brought pressure to prevent the opening of the new National Assembly. The Bengalis of East Pakistan revolted against this move. The Pakistani military then illegalize the Awami league and arrested its leader, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and instituted a massive military crackdown.

A savage civil war then begin during which tens of thousands of Bengalis were killed, and whatever ten million people sought refuge in India. India entered the war in December 1971, and within weeks India decisively overcome Pakistan, producing the final dismemberment of Pakistan into Pakistan and Bangladesh. this had a profound effect on the people of Pakistan:

B. Failure of his structure for Pakistan

In the aftermath of the war, Pakistan was seen as a pariah nation by the international community. Pakistan under the new leader, Bhutto, refused to recognize Bangladesh. Pakistan negotiated with India and developed an agreement between Indira Gandhi and Bhutto regarding cock-a-hoop Pakistan back its prisoners and its territory if Pakistan would agree tom accept the theme of "bilateralism," which meant that Pakistan would not seek help from foreign countries or institutions to judge the difficulties with India and Bangladesh. Pakistan agreed, and this was also a major coup for India and for Indira Gandhi personally. It also helped Bhutto because "it establish the image of a leader who, having raised himself to power on the basis of passion, was now prepared to be pragmatic" (Burki 74).

Up until December 1971, Pakistan was bifurcated into East Pakistan and West Pakistan, and these were separated by 1,600 kilometers
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